**1. 创建线程 **
1.1 通过构造函数:public Thread(Runnable target, String name){} 或:public Thread(Runnable target){}
示例:
1. Thread thread1 = new Thread(new MyThread(), "mythread");
2. class MyThread extends Thread(){
3. public void run(){
4. System.out.println("My First Thread');
5. }
6. }
1.2 直接实现Runnable接口:
示例:
1. Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable{}{
2. public void run(){
3. System.out.println("This is my thread.");
4. }
5. });
**2. 运行线程 **
thead1.start()
3. sleep
1. try{
2. #休眠1000ms
3. Thread.sleep(1000);
4. }catch(InterruptedException e){
5. e.printStackTrace();
6. }
4. getName() 获取线程名字, getId()获取线程id
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + “:”+ Thread.currentThread().getId);
5. 停止线程,
千万不用stop(),stop会立即终止线程。
通过interrupt()中断线程,但是中断并没有停止线程,配合异常来实现:
1. public class Main {
2. public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
3. try{
4. Thread thread1=new Thread(new TheThread(),"thread1");
5. thread1.start();
6. Thread.sleep(2000);
7. thread1.interrupt();
8. }catch (InterruptedException e){
9. e.printStackTrace();
10. }
11. }
12. }
13. class TheThread extends Thread{
14. public void run() {
15. super.run();
16. for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
17. if(this.interrupted()){
18. break;
19. }
20. System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + i);
21. }
22. }
23. }
注意,如果在TheThread类里加入catch InterruptException的话,可能会导致interrupt被捕获,而绕过if(this.interrupted())的判断而无法终止线程。
6. 等待和通知
线程等待:当前线程就处于等待状态,直到其他线程调用了notify()方法,线程才会继续执行
1. public final void wait() throws InterruptedException
线程通知:
1. public final native void notify()
注意:在notify()方法后,当前线程不会马上释放该对象锁,要等到执行notify()方法的线程将程序执行完,也就是退出同步代码块中。
1. package wait.notify;
3. public class ThreadWaitNotifyTest {
4. final static Object object=new Object();
5. public static class T1 extends Thread{
6. public void run(){
7. System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T1 start");
8. synchronized (object){
9. try {
10. System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T1 wait");
11. object.wait();
12. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
13. e.printStackTrace();
14. }
15. }
16. System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T1 end");
17. }
18. }
19. public static class T2 extends Thread{
20. public void run(){
21. System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T2 start");
22. synchronized (object){
23. System.out.println("T2 synchonized code start.");
24. object.notify();
25. try {
26. Thread.sleep(2000);
27. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
28. e.printStackTrace();
29. }finally{
30. System.out.println("T2 synchonized code end.");
31. }
33. }
34. try {
35. Thread.sleep(2000);
36. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
37. e.printStackTrace();
38. }
39. System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()+": T2 end");
40. }
41. }
42. public static void main(String[] args){
43. Thread thread1=new T1();
44. Thread thread2=new T2();
45. thread1.start();
46. thread2.start();
47. }
48. }
输出结果:

7. 线程优先级
高优先级的线程将会获得更多的CPU资源。一共分为10个优先级。
public final void setPriority(int newPriority)
源码分析:
1. public final void setPriority(int newPriority) {
2. ThreadGroup g;
3. checkAccess();
4. if (newPriority > MAX_PRIORITY || newPriority < MIN_PRIORITY) {
5. throw new IllegalArgumentException();
6. }
7. if((g = getThreadGroup()) != null) {
8. if (newPriority > g.getMaxPriority()) {
9. newPriority = g.getMaxPriority();
10. }
11. setPriority0(priority = newPriority);
12. }
13. }
1. public final static int MIN_PRIORITY = 1; 2. public final static int NORM_PRIORITY = 5; 3. public final static int MAX_PRIORITY = 10;
可见线程最高优先级为10, 最低为1, 默认为5.
当设定的newPriority高于该线程组ThreadGroup的最高Priority时,只能分配该线程组的最高Priority
8. 守护线程
类似守护进程,Java存在两种线程:用户线程和守护线程。它是一种特殊线程,执行的是一种后台服务,当一个系统中不存在非守护线程的时候,守护线程会自己销毁。典型的守护线程:JVM的垃圾回收线程。
public final void setDaemon(boolean on)
示例:
1. public class Main {
2. public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
3. TheThread theThread=new TheThread();
4. theThread.setDaemon(true);//设置守护线程
5. theThread.start();
6. Thread.sleep(5000);
7. System.out.println("全都退出啦");
8. }
9. public static class TheThread extends Thread{
10. public void run(){
11. int i = 0;
12. while (true){
13. i++;
14. System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId()+":"+i);
15. try {
16. Thread.sleep(2000);
17. } catch (InterruptedException e) {
18. e.printStackTrace();
19. }
20. }
21. }
22. }
23. }
源码分析:
设置线程为用户线程(user thread)或守护线程(daemon thread),当剩余运行的线程均为守护线程时,JVM会退出。
1. public final void setDaemon(boolean on) {
2. checkAccess();
3. if (isAlive()) {
4. throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
5. }
6. daemon = on;
7. }
其中checkAccesss()方法如下:
1. public final void checkAccess() {
2. SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
3. if (security != null) {
4. security.checkAccess(this);
5. }
6. }
该方法用于判断当前运行的线程是否有修改此线程的权限。
而public final native boolean isAlive();用于判断该线程是否处于alive状态,即该线程是否已经start,且没有die。
当isAlive的话就会抛出IllegalThreadStateException异常。
所以,设置守护线程的方法,逻辑就是先判断当前线程是否有修改的权限,再判断是否处于alive状态,如果不处于alive状态,则根据boolean变量on的值更改它的状态,即true:设为daemon线程,false:设为user线程。










