调用 onSaveInstanceState() 方法保存数据：

@Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState, PersistableBundle outPersistentState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState, outPersistentState);
        outState.putString("state", textView.getText().toString());
    }

在 onCreate() 中恢复保存的数据：

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        if(savedInstanceState != null){
            String text = savedInstanceState.getString("state");
        }
        textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
    }