DockerFile
03DockerFile
1.DockerFile的概念
用来构建docker镜像的构建文件,由一系列参数和命令构成的脚本
大体总览:
1.构建过程
要遵循的规则:
2.执行流程
Docker执行一个Dockerfile脚本的流程大致如下
-
Docker从基础镜像运行一个容器 - 执行一条指令病对容器作出修改
- 执行类似
docker commit的操作提交一个新的镜像层 -
docker在基于刚提交的镜像运行一个新的容器 - 执行
dockerfile中的下一条指令直到所有执行完成
<span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">解释下:</span>
1.dockerfile_软件的原材料
2.docker镜像是软件的交付品
3.docker容器则可以认为是软件的运行态
3.常用的构建指令
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">指令</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">说明</span> |
|---|---|
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">FROM</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">基础镜像，当前新镜像是基于哪个镜像的,有继承的意味</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">MAINTAINER</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">镜像维护者的姓名和邮箱地址</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">RUN</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">容器构建时需要运行的命令</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">EXPOSE</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">当前容器对外暴露的端口</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">WORKDIR</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">指定在创建容器后，终端默认登录的进来工作目录，一个落脚点</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">ENV</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">用来在构建镜像过程中设置环境变量</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">ADD</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">将宿主机目录下的文件拷贝进镜像且ADD命令会自动处理URL和解压tar压缩包</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">COPY</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">类似ADD，拷贝文件和目录到镜像中。</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">将从构建上下文目录中<源路径>的文件/目录复制到新的一层的镜像内的<目标路径>位置</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">COPY src dest</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">COPY ["src","dest"]</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">VOLUME</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">容器数据卷，用于数据保存和持久化工作</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">CMD</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">指定一个容器启动时要运行的命令</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">Dockerfile中可以有多个CMD指令，但只有最后一个生效，CMD会被docker run之后的参数替换</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">ENTRYPOINT</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">指定一个容器启动时要运行的命令</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">ENTRYPOINT的目的和CMD一样，都是在指定容器启动程序及参数</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">ONBUILD</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">当构建一个被继承的Dockerfile时运行命令,父镜像在被子继承后父镜像的onbuild被触发</span> |
<span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">DockerFile命令</span>
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">BUILD</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">BOTH</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">RUN</span> |
|---|---|---|
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">FROM</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">WORKDIR</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">CMD</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">MAINTAINER</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">USER</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">ENV</span> |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">COPY</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">EXPOSE</span> | |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">ADD</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">VOLUME</span> | |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">RUN</span> | <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">ENTRYPOINT</span> | |
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">ONBUILD</span> | ||
| <span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">.dockerignore</span> | <br /> |
3.构建镜像
1.创建DockerFile文件
vim dockers
FROM centos:centos7
MAINTAINER aristo<boyunv@163.com>
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "success =------> boyunv!~"
CMD /bin/bash
2.构建镜像
docker build -f dockers -t centos:1.0 .
##-f: 我们创建的dockerfile文件
##-t: 创建的文件名
## 切记后面的一个点不能忘记添加
<span style="font-weight: bold;" data-type="strong">构建的结果</span>
3.运行我们的创建的1.0镜像
docker run -it centos:1.0
3.MYSQL的启动
docker run -p 12345:3306 --name mysql -v /root/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /root/mysql/logs:/logs -v /root/mysql/data/:/var/lib/mysql/ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.6
f349e5bcec0706a353880e5c5b17e73f2d3dda704e57425292f09e0c5397cfb8
