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2022-04-18

mysql基础


文章目录


一、关系型数据库介绍

1.1数据结构模型
数据结构模型主要有:
- 层次模型
- 网状结构
- 关系结构
关系模型:
二层关系:row column
数据结构管理系统:DBMS
关系:Relational RD
BMS
1.2RDBMS专业名词
常见的关系型数据库管理系统:

  • MySQL:MySQL,MariaDB,Percona-Server

  • PostgreSQL:简称为pgsql

  • Oracle

  • MSSQL
    SQL: Structure Query Language,结构化查询语言
    约束: constraint,向数据表提供的数据要遵守的限制

  • 主键约束:一个或多个字段的组合,填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。且必须提供数据,不能为空(NOT NULL)。

  • 惟一键约束:一个或多个字段的组合,填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。允许为空(NULL)

  • 外键约束:一个表中的某字段可填入数据取决于另一个表的主键已有的数据

  • 检查性约束
    索引: 将表中的一个或多个字段中的数据复制一份另存,并且这些数据需要按特定次序排序存储
    1.3关系型数据库的常见组件
    关系型数据库的常见组件有:

  • 数据库:database

  • 表:table,由行(row)和列(column)组成

  • 索引:index

  • 视图:view

  • 用户:user

  • 权限:privilege

  • 存储过程:procedure

  • 存储函数:function

  • 触发器:trigger

  • 事件调度器:event scheduler
    1.4SQL语句
    SQL语句有三种类型:

  • DDL:Data Defination Language,数据定义语言

  • DML:Data Manipulation Language,数据操纵语言

  • DCL:Data Control Language,数据控制语言

SQL语句类型对应操作
DDLCREATE:创建DROP:删除ALTER:修改
-DML--INSERT:向表中插入数据DELETE:删除表中数据UPDATE:更新表中数据SELECT:查询表中数据-
DCLGRANT:授权 REVOKE:移除授权

二、mysql安装与配置

2.1mysql安装

  • 源代码:编译安装
  • 二进制格式的程序包:展开至特定路径,并经过简单配置后即可使用
  • 程序包管理器管理的程序包
    1.rpm:有两种
    OS Vendor:操作系统发行商提供的
    项目官方提供的
    2.deb

准备工作

wget -O /usr/src/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm \
http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh /usr/src/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

#安装mysql5.7
yum -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client  \
mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel

[root@bogon ~]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@bogon ~]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@bogon ~]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@bogon ~]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@bogon ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg                              mysql-community-client-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-devel-5.7.37-1.e
mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm  mysql-community-common-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-libs-5.7.37-1.e
[root@bogon ~]# dnf -y install *.rpm

2.2mysql配置

[root@bogon ~]#  systemctl enable --now mysqld //设置开机自启
[root@bogon ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service //查看确保开启
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-04-18 20:56:21 CST; 10s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 13651 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (co>
  Process: 13602 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 13654 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27 (limit: 23790)
   Memory: 302.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─13654 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

418 20:56:17 bogon systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
418 20:56:21 bogon systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

[root@bogon ~]#  ss -antl  //查看端口3306
State         Recv-Q        Send-Q                 Local Address:Port                 Peer Address:Port        
LISTEN        0             128                          0.0.0.0:22                        0.0.0.0:*           
LISTEN        0             80                                 *:3306                            *:*           
LISTEN        0             128                             [::]:22                           [::]:*           

登录mysql

[root@bogon ~]#  grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log //查看临时密码
2022-04-18T12:56:18.847517Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: %<7A)1eaA9w?
[root@bogon ~]# mysql -uroot -p'%<7A)1eaA9w?' //利用临时密码登录mysql 注意中间无空格
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>  //成功登录
mysql>  set password = password('RunTime123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)


修改策略

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'192.168.146.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'RunTime123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql>  flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

使用图形化工具连接数据库

mysql> create database aaa;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>  show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| aaa                |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

关闭防火墙

[root@bogon ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config 
[root@bogon ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@bogon ~]# setenforce 0
[root@bogon ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config 

成功登录界面
在这里插入图片描述在这里插入图片描述

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