list_new = []
for i in range(5):
    list_test = [0]*5
    list_test[i] = 1
    list_new.append(list_test)
print(list_new)

[[0 if j != i else 1 for j in range(5)] for i in range(5)]

list_new = []
for i in range(4):
    list_test = [0]*4
    list_test[i] = 1
    list_new.append(list_test)
print(list_new)  # 独热编码 避免多重共线性 drop_first 由[0]*4代替

[[0 if j != i else 1 for j in range(4)] for i in range(4)]