函数（有点难，要注重实战）-CFANZ编程社区

SpringBoot设置测试临时属性

properties:设置properties临时属性
args:模拟命令行临时参数
优先级: args > properties > 配置文件

package com.vmware;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest(properties = {"server.port=8090","server.host=192.169.1.2"})
@SpringBootTest(args = {"--server.port=8888","--server.host=192.168.1.3"})
public class TestCase {
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private Integer port;
    @Value("${server.host}")
    private String host;
    @Test
    void testProperties(){
        System.out.println(port);
        System.out.println(host);
    }
}

加载测试专用配置

在测试包下构建测试配置类

package com.vmware.config;

import com.vmware.pojo.Service;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class TestConfig {
    @Bean
    public Service service(){
        Service service = new Service();
        service.setPort(1999);
        service.setHost("localhost");
        return service;
    }
}

注入测试bean

package com.vmware;

import com.vmware.pojo.Service;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
public class ConfigTest {
    @Autowired
    private Service service;

    @Test
    void testService(){
        System.out.println(service);
    }
}

@Configuration注解内包含@Component注解，会将配置类注册到容器中，所以可以自动注入获取到bean
如果不使用@Configuration注解，需要在测试类上使用@Import注解将测试类导入进来

SpringBoot开启测试web环境

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT)
NONE:不启用web环境(默认)
DEFINED_PORT:使用默认端口
RANDOM_PORT:使用随机端口
MOCK:模拟web环境，不会启动tomcat

模拟http请求

@AutoConfigureMockMvc:开启模拟mvc配置
注入请求发送对象MockMvc
MockMvcRequestBuilders:构建请求
MockMvcResultMatchers:构建结果匹配器

package com.vmware;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers;

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment=SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class ControllerTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Test
    void testHelloController() throws Exception{
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello");
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(builder);
        StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status();
        ResultMatcher matcher = status.isOk();
        resultActions.andExpect(matcher); //自动断言
    }
}

进行文本匹配:MockMvcResultMatchers.content().string()

	@Test
    void testBody() throws Exception{
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello");
        ResultActions perform = mockMvc.perform(builder);
        ContentResultMatchers contentResultMatchers = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        ResultMatcher matcher = contentResultMatchers.string("Hello!");
        perform.andExpect(matcher);
    }

进行Json匹配:MockMvcResultMatchers.content().json()

    @Test
    void testJson() throws Exception{
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/book");
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(builder);
        ContentResultMatchers matchers = MockMvcResultMatchers.content();
        ResultMatcher resultMatcher = matchers.json("{\"name\":\"Java虚拟机\",\"price\":54}");
        resultActions.andExpect(resultMatcher);
    }

进行请求头匹配:MockMvcResultMatchers.header()

 	@Test
    void testContentType() throws Exception{
        MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello");
        ResultActions actions = mvc.perform(builder);
        HeaderResultMatchers header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header();
        ResultMatcher text = header.string("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
        actions.andExpect(text);
    }

测试数据事务回滚

@Transactional：该注解与@SpringBootTest注解同时使用时会默认执行事务回滚
@Rollback:是否进行事务回滚，默认值为true,需要与@Transactional注解结合使用

生成测试随机数据

在yml配置文件中设置配置属性:

${random.value}:随机一个字符串
${random.uuid}:随机生产一个uuid
${random.int(0,100)}:随机一个int类型数据,可以指定最小值与最大值的范围
${random.long}:随机一个long类型数据,可以指定最小值与最大值的范围
注入数据:使用@ConfigurationProperties(value = “xxx”)读取属性