#!/bin/bash
file="./var.sh"

if [ -r $file ]
then
        echo "can read"
else
        echo "can not read"
fi

if [ -w $file ]
then
        echo "can write"
else
        echo "can not write"
fi

if [ -x $file ]
then
        echo "can exec"
else
        echo "can not exec"
fi

if [ -f $file ]
then
        echo "common file"
else
        echo "special file"
fi

if [ -d $file ]
then
        echo "is dir"
else
        echo "is not dir"
fi

if [ -e $file ]
then
        echo "file exist"
else
        echo "file not exist"
fi

if [ -s $file ]
then
        echo "file is not empty"
else
        echo "file not exist"
fi

输出结果：

can read
can write
can not exec
common file
is not dir
file exist
file is not empty