在linux上安装配置java(jdk,mysql,tomcat)的WEB运行环境的详细教程-CFANZ编程社区

要让WEB应用也就是网站能运行起来，首要的任务就是安装运行环境和进行相应的配置。

本篇将详细的讲述下如何在linux(redhat或者其他unix)上搭建和配置java的WEB运行环境。

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| [b]第1步，准备需要的安装软件[/b]
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（1）JDK : j2sdk-1_4_2_09-linux-i586.bin ; 34.7 MB (36,429,599 字节)
（2）WEB : jakarta-tomcat-4.1.31.tar.gz ; 7.68 MB (8,058,534 字节)
（3）DB : mysql-standard-4.1.15-pc-linux-gnu-i686-glibc23.tar.gz ; 24.1 MB (25,276,587 字节)
（4）jar : mysql-connector-java-3.1.11-bin.jar ;430 KB (440,483 字节)

其中第(4)个是mysql的jar包,安装好mysql后请将其复制到mysql目录下。
另外关于mysql，请尽量不要使用4.1.15之前的版本，因为之前的是不支持utf-8编码的。
有的linux如redhat版本在系统安装的时候会默认装一个mysql，请先用rpm命令卸载掉。

[color=green]环境比较老,请大家见谅.用惯了这一套,比较稳定，至今还没更换过.[/color]

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| [b]第2步，软件FTP上传到linux服务器[/b]
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将上面的安装软件用ftp上传到linux上的某个目录中，比如暂时放到 /home 目录下。

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| [b]第3步，安装 JDK (j2sdk-1_4_2_09-linux-i586.bin)[/b]
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3.1 修改安装包文件为可执行
[quote]chmod a+x j2sdk-1_4_2_09-linux-i586.bin[/quote]

3.2 开始安装
[quote]./j2sdk-1_4_2_09-linux-i586.bin[/quote]

3.3 移动到指定的安装运行目录位置
[quote]mv j2sdk1.4.2_09 /usr/local/jdk1.4.2[/quote]

备注：如果你使用像jfreechat之类生成报表图片的功能，报表图片中如果有中文的，那么还要做以下设置。

将 /usr/local/jdk1.4.2/jre/lib/font.properties.zh_CN.Redhat 改名为font.properties ，
原font.properties请先改名为font.properties.old留作备份。

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| [b]第4步，安装 mysql (mysql-standard-4.1.15-pc-linux-gnu-i686-glibc23.tar.gz)[/b]
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4.1 解压文件
[quote]tar xvzf mysql-standard-4.1.15-pc-linux-gnu-i686-glibc23.tar.gz[/quote]

4.2 配置、安装、移动
[quote]cd mysql-standard-4.1.15-pc-linux-gnu-i686-glibc23
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
mv mysql-standard-4.1.15-pc-linux-gnu-i686-glibc23 /usr/local/mysql[/quote]

mysql 默认安装目录是 /usr/local/mysql,如果你不想安装到这个目录则必须修改mysql的文件(bin/mysqld_safe),将所有的'/usr/local/mysql'替换成你想要的目录.

4.3 设置mysql用户组(group)和用户(user)
[quote]groupadd mysql;useradd -g mysql mysql;cd /usr/local;chown -R mysql mysql;chgrp -R mysql mysql[/quote]

4.4 启动mysql
[quote]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe -u mysql &[/quote]

4.5 停止mysql
[quote]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown -u root[/quote]

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| [b]第5步，安装 tomcat (jakarta-tomcat-4.1.31.tar.gz)[/b]
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5.1 解压文件
[quote]tar zxvf jakarta-tomcat-4.1.31.tar.gz[/quote]

5.2 移动到指定的运行位置目录
[quote]mv jakarta-tomcat-4.1.31 /usr/local/tomcat4.1.31[/quote]

5.3 将 mysql-connector-java-3.1.11-bin.jar 复制到 /usr/local/tomcat4.1.31/common/lib

5.4 修改jvm内存数量

vi /usr/local/tomcat4.1.31/bin/catalina.sh 加入配置 JAVA_OPTS='-Xms128m -Xmx512m'
具体位置可以放在下面的地方:

[quote]# JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
# command is executed. The default is 8000.
#
# JSSE_HOME (Optional) May point at your Java Secure Sockets Extension
# (JSSE) installation, whose JAR files will be added to the
# system class path used to start Tomcat.
#
# CATALINA_PID (Optional) Path of the file which should contains the pid
# of catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is used
#
# $Id: catalina.sh,v 1.37 2004/08/15 15:20:15 markt Exp $
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[color=red]
JAVA_OPTS='-Xms128m -Xmx512m'[/color]

# OS specific support. $var _must_ be set to either true or false.
cygwin=false
os400=false[/quote]

备注：
在unix/linux平台下，jdk不能使用AWT的lib库进行图片生成显示，因此必须进行如下配置：
(1) 此项配置对jdk版本有要求,必须使用jdk1.4.2或者更高版本，jdk1.4.1不能使用（已经测试过）.
(2) 修改tomcat配置文件 vi /usr/local/tomcat4.1.31/bin/catalina.sh
在文件中如下位置中加上字符串 "-Djava.awt.headless=true \"

[quote]elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then 


 shift 

 touch "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out 

 if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then 

 echo "Using Security Manager" 

 shift 

 "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ 

 -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ 

 -Djava.security.manager \ 

 -Djava.security.policy=="$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy \ 

 -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ 

 -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ 

 -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ 

 [color=red]-Djava.awt.headless=true \[/color] 

 org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \ 

 >> "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 & 


 if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then 

 echo $! > $CATALINA_PID 

 fi 

 else 

 "$_RUNJAVA" $JAVA_OPTS $CATALINA_OPTS \ 

 -Djava.endorsed.dirs="$JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \ 

 -Dcatalina.base="$CATALINA_BASE" \ 

 -Dcatalina.home="$CATALINA_HOME" \ 

 -Djava.io.tmpdir="$CATALINA_TMPDIR" \ 

 [color=red]-Djava.awt.headless=true \[/color] 

 org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap "$@" start \ 

 >> "$CATALINA_BASE"/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 & 


 if [ ! -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then 

 echo $! > $CATALINA_PID[/quote]

到此,软件已经全部安装完毕,接下来就要做些配置.

[b]1. mysql需要一个配置文件 my.cnf[/b] (文件在我附件中的zip包有),必须把这个文件放到linux服务器的 /etc目录下.

里面主要是设置数据库采用utf-8编码,当然也是用这个配置文件来调节mysql的各种运行参数.

[quote][client] 

#password = your_password 

[color=red]default-character-set=utf8[/color] 

port = 3306 

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock 


# Here follows entries for some specific programs 


# The MySQL server 

[mysqld] 

[color=red]default-character-set=utf8 

default-collation=utf8_general_ci[/color] 

port = 3306 

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock[/quote] 


[b]2. mysql的root用户初始化口令和添加一个普通用户[/b] 

执行命令 

[quote]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe -u mysql & 

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p 

use mysql[/quote] 

## set root password 

[quote]update user set password=password('12345678') where user='root'; 

flush privileges;[/quote] 


##create a database:testdb 

[quote]CREATE DATABASE testdb DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;[/quote] 


## create a test user for testdb database: username=testuser,password=testuser123 

[quote]delete from user where user='testuser'; 

INSERT INTO user (Host, User, password, Select_priv, Insert_priv, Update_priv, Delete_priv, Create_priv, Drop_priv, Reload_priv, Shutdown_priv, Process_priv, File_priv, Grant_priv, References_priv, Index_priv, Alter_priv, Show_db_priv, Super_priv, Create_tmp_table_priv, Lock_tables_priv, Execute_priv, Repl_slave_priv, Repl_client_priv, ssl_type, ssl_cipher, x509_issuer, x509_subject, max_questions, max_updates, max_connections) VALUES ('%', 'testuser', '', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', '', '', '', '', 0, 0, 0); 

update user set password=password('testuser123') where user='testuser'; 

delete from db where user='testuser'; 

insert into db(host,db,user,Select_priv,Insert_priv,Update_priv,Delete_priv,Lock_tables_priv) values('%','testdb','testuser','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y'); 

flush privileges;[/quote]

[quote][client] 

#password = your_password 

[color=red]default-character-set=utf8[/color] 

port = 3306 

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock 


# Here follows entries for some specific programs 


# The MySQL server 

[mysqld] 

[color=red]default-character-set=utf8 

default-collation=utf8_general_ci[/color] 

port = 3306 

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock[/quote] 


[b]2. mysql的root用户初始化口令和添加一个普通用户[/b] 

执行命令 

[quote]/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe -u mysql & 

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p 

use mysql[/quote] 

## set root password 

[quote]update user set password=password('12345678') where user='root'; 

flush privileges;[/quote] 


##create a database:testdb 

[quote]CREATE DATABASE testdb DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;[/quote] 


## create a test user for testdb database: username=testuser,password=testuser123 

[quote]delete from user where user='testuser'; 

INSERT INTO user (Host, User, password, Select_priv, Insert_priv, Update_priv, Delete_priv, Create_priv, Drop_priv, Reload_priv, Shutdown_priv, Process_priv, File_priv, Grant_priv, References_priv, Index_priv, Alter_priv, Show_db_priv, Super_priv, Create_tmp_table_priv, Lock_tables_priv, Execute_priv, Repl_slave_priv, Repl_client_priv, ssl_type, ssl_cipher, x509_issuer, x509_subject, max_questions, max_updates, max_connections) VALUES ('%', 'testuser', '', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', 'N', '', '', '', '', 0, 0, 0); 

update user set password=password('testuser123') where user='testuser'; 

delete from db where user='testuser'; 

insert into db(host,db,user,Select_priv,Insert_priv,Update_priv,Delete_priv,Lock_tables_priv) values('%','testdb','testuser','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y'); 

flush privileges;[/quote]

[b]3. 配置tomcat的conf目录下的2个配置文件[/b]: server.xml , web.xml
具体配置可以参考附件zip包中的文件.
通过server.xml可以配置虚拟主机,能让很多个网站共用1个tomcat的80端口.(tomcat安装后默认为8080端口,如果放在互联网上请改为80端口)

[b]4. 制作tomcat启动脚本文件[/b],内容如下(假设保存为 startweb.sh,要修改属性为可执行 chmod a+x startweb.sh):

[quote]export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.4.2 

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH 

export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:. 

/usr/local/tomcat4.1.31/bin/shutdown.sh 

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin shutdown -u root -pabcxyz123456 

i=`ps -ef|grep -E "java"|grep -v grep|awk '{print$2}'` 

kill -9 $i 

i1=`ps -ef|grep -E "mysqld_safe"|grep -v grep|awk '{print $2}'` 

kill -9 $i1 


/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe -u mysql & 

/usr/local/tomcat4.1.31/bin/startup.sh[/quote]

那么如果要启动或者重起tomcat,只要执行下这个脚本文件就可以了.

[b]5. 将tomcat设置成自启动.[/b]
在 /etc/rc.d/rc.local 文件中加入
[quote]/脚本存放的目录/startweb.sh[/quote]

至此,java的web环境已经安装完毕了,所有的软件全部安装在目录 /usr/local/目录下.由于对应的安装软件都比较庞大,这里就不再提供,需要自己去另外下载相应的软件.如果你找到的安装软件与上面所说的不相同,那么请参考上面的安装和配置方法,软件版本的不同,安装和配置可能会有差别.

附件: server.xml,web.xml,my.cnf对应的zip包 (config.zip)

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