解决方案
sudo apt-get install lsb-core
具体参考链接：
http://www.techbulo.com/1236.html
google了一番，终于找到了答案，如下：
The problem has been solved, because I installed the amd64.iso linux system,so first must excuse apt-get install lsb-core,then you can excuse arm-linux-gcc -v
解决方案：
执行
sudo apt-get install lsb-core
安装完成之后，再执行arm-linux-gcc -v,输出正常