Nginx笔记3-Nginx配置示例-反向代理-CFANZ编程社区

普通的反向代理

# 跳转到/usr目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr
# 下载Tomcat
[root@localhost usr]# wget https://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.64/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.64.tar.gz
# 解压缩
[root@localhost usr]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.64.tar.gz
# Tomcat需要JDK环境，没有JDK环境的还要先安装和配置JDK环境
# 启动Tomcat
[root@localhost usr]# cd apache-tomcat-8.5.64/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ./startup.sh
# 查看启动日志
[root@localhost bin]# cd ../logs/
[root@localhost logs]# tail -f catalina.out

直接访问Tomcat，在浏览器中输入虚拟机IP:默认端口号，即可访问到Tomcat了。
下面通过Nginx的反向代理访问Tomcat。

# 启动Nginx
[root@localhost logs]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
# 修改Nginx的配置文件
[root@localhost sbin]# cd ../conf/
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
# 重新加载Nginx
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload

Nginx修改后的配置文件，只修改了server部分。

server {
    listen       80;
    # 修改server_name为Nginx服务器的ip
    server_name  192.168.0.123;

    #charset koi8-r;

    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   html;
        # 添加一个proxy_pass，指向Tomcat的访问路径
        proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

根据请求路径做反向代理

这里要启动两台Tomcat，再搞出来一台，修改端口号，保证端口号不冲突，并启动。

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr
[root@localhost usr]# cp -r apache-tomcat-8.5.64/ apache-tomcat-9090
[root@localhost usr]# cd apache-tomcat-9090/conf
[root@localhost conf]# vim server.xml
[root@localhost conf]# cd ../bin/
[root@localhost bin]# ./startup.sh

为了区分两台Tomcat，在每个Tomcat下创建一个测试页面。在8080的Tomcat的webapps目录下，创建一个8080的文件夹，放入一个test.html页面，同理，9090的Tomcat照做。
下面修改Nginx的配置文件，修改server部分，修改后的内容如下所示。

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  192.168.0.123;
    #charset koi8-r;
    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    # 当访问路径中有/8080/的时候，将请求转发到127.0.0.1:8080的服务
    location ~ /8080/ {
        proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1:8080;
    }
    # 当访问路径中有/9090/的时候，将请求转发到127.0.0.1:9090的服务    
    location ~ /9090/ {
        proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1:9090;
    }

    #error_page  404              /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #    root           html;
    #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
    #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #    include        fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}
}

通过浏览器访问http://192.168.0.123/8080/test.html和http://192.168.0.123/9090/test.html，可以看到请求分别发送到了两台机器上。
最后再说一下location的语法：location [=|~|~*|^~|@] pattern { … }。
=：要求路径完全匹配，忽略请求路径后的参数
~：用于区分大小写的正则匹配
~*：用于不区分大小写的正则匹配
^~：普通字符匹配，优先于正则表达式匹配，如果该选项匹配成功，不再进行正则表达式的匹配，多用来目录匹配
@：定义一个命名的location，使用在内部定向
location 优先级官方文档

Directives with the = prefix that match the query exactly. If found, searching stops.
All remaining directives with conventional strings, longest match first. If this match used the ^~ prefix, searching stops.
Regular expressions, in order of definition in the configuration file.
If #3 yielded a match, that result is used. Else the match from #2 is used.

翻译：