环境
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IntelliJ IDEA 2017.1
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Maven 3.3.9
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Nexus 3.2.1
 
学习前提
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了解 Maven 配置的基本用法
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了解私有仓库,比如 nexus 的一些概念
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强烈建议把 Maven 的 settings.xml 文件同时放在:
%USER_HOME%/.m2/settings.xml和${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml两个地方。避免使用终端的时候默认去调用用户目录下的 
Maven 中的 profile
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Maven 中有一个概念叫做:
profile,它的诞生主要是为了解决不同环境所需的不同变量、配置等问题。 -  
有了 profile,可以根据激活的条件,启动不同条件下的配置信息。
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profile 是可以有多个的,也可以同时激活多个 profile,方便自由组合。
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profile 一般可以在三个地方:settings.xml,pom.xml,profiles.xml(这个不常用)
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在 settings.xml 上,一般大家用来做仓库的选择,比如以下 settings.xml 代码:
 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">  <localRepository>D:\maven\my_local_repository</localRepository>  <pluginGroups> </pluginGroups>  <proxies> </proxies>  <profiles> <profile> <id>nexus</id> <repositories> <repository> <id>nexus</id> <url>http://192.168.1.73:8081/repository/maven-public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>nexus</id> <url>http://192.168.1.73:8081/repository/maven-public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> </profile> <profile> <id>aliyun</id> <repositories> <repository> <id>aliyun</id> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>aliyun</id> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> </profile> </profiles>  <activeProfiles> <activeProfile>nexus</activeProfile> </activeProfiles>  </settings>
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以上代码中 profile 就做一件事:设置全局的 profile,一个是 nexus 仓库,一个是 aliyun 仓库,默认激活的是 nexus 仓库。(activeProfiles)
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在 pom.xml 中,一般用来激活环境配置,比如以下代码:
 
<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>dev</id>
        <properties>
            <package.environment>dev</package.environment>
        </properties>
        <activation>
            <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
        </activation>
        <build>
            <resources>
                <resource>
                    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*</include>
                    </includes>
                    <filtering>true</filtering>
                </resource>
                <resource>
                    <directory>src/main/env/${package.environment}</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*</include>
                    </includes>
                    <filtering>true</filtering>
                </resource>
            </resources>
            <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        </build>
    </profile>
    <profile>
        <id>product</id>
        <properties>
            <package.environment>product</package.environment>
        </properties>
        <activation>
            <activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault>
        </activation>
        <build>
            <resources>
                <resource>
                    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*</include>
                    </includes>
                    <filtering>true</filtering>
                </resource>
                <resource>
                    <directory>src/main/env/${package.environment}</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*</include>
                    </includes>
                    <filtering>true</filtering>
                </resource>
            </resources>
            <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        </build>
    </profile>
</profiles> 
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以上代码中 profile 就做一件事:打包的时候,默认是 dev 模式,打包 src/main/env/dev 下的配置文件,如果选择 product 则打包 src/main/env/product 下的配置文件
 
IntelliJ IDEA 使用 Maven Profile 的案例
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在 IntelliJ IDEA 上调用 profile 简单,如下图勾选对应的复选框即可,可以多选。
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只使用 aliyun 仓库可以这样配置 settings.xml:
 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">  <localRepository>D:\maven\my_local_repository</localRepository>  <pluginGroups> </pluginGroups>  <proxies> </proxies>  <profiles> <profile> <id>aliyun</id> <repositories> <repository> <id>aliyun</id> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>aliyun</id> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> </profile> </profiles>  <activeProfiles> <activeProfile>aliyun</activeProfile> </activeProfiles>  </settings>
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使用 nexus + aliyun 仓库可以这样配置 settings.xml:
 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">  <localRepository>D:\maven\my_local_repository</localRepository>  <pluginGroups> </pluginGroups>  <proxies> </proxies>  <profiles> <profile> <id>nexus</id> <repositories> <repository> <id>nexus</id> <url>http://192.168.1.73:8081/repository/maven-public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>nexus</id> <url>http://192.168.1.73:8081/repository/maven-public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> </profile> <profile> <id>aliyun</id> <repositories> <repository> <id>aliyun</id> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>aliyun</id> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> </profile> </profiles>  <activeProfiles> <activeProfile>nexus</activeProfile> </activeProfiles>  </settings>










