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【磁盘分区】

以沫的窝 2022-04-14 阅读 171
linux

一、添加硬盘
在这里插入图片描述
二、添加完成之后,如果想要能够识别,需要重启虚拟机,不过这里也可以通过命令的方式识别

[root@localhost ~]# echo "- - -" >> /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan 
[root@localhost ~]# echo "- - -" >> /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan 
[root@localhost ~]# echo "- - -" >> /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan 

/sys/class/scsi_host/ 下面有几个host 就扫描几次 。
三、查看所有分区情况

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0009d78a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

/dev/sdb就是你刚刚添加的磁盘。
四、给磁盘添加分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb8805589.

Command (m for help):

输入m并回车,列出所有选项。

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): 

输入n并回车,创建一个分区。

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 

选择分区类型。p为主分区,e为扩展分区

Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):

选择区号。

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 2048
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

选择起始位置与结束位置,也可用 +5G的这种方式,到这里,这个分区也就创建完成了。

输入w并回车,意思是对刚才的结果进行保存。

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

再次使用fdisk -l查看分区的结果,如下分的新区为/dev/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

...
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6f942ad1

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    10487807     5242880   83  Linux

五、格式化分区
要使用这些分区,还要进行格式化操作(给分区配置一个文件系统),不同的磁盘分区,可以做不同的 文件系统。Linux7版本的默认文件系统类型为:xfs.

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

想要去使用这个格式化过后的文件系统分区,还要进行下一步操作,挂载(为了让/目录能够识别到)。

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/xuexi
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/xuexi

查看挂载情况。查看内存情况。

[root@localhost ~]# mount | tail -1
/dev/sdb1 on /mnt/xuexi type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
[root@localhost ~]# df -hT
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        17G  3.7G   14G  22% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.9G   13M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  179M  836M  18% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     378M  4.0K  378M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                   tmpfs     378M   52K  378M   1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs                   tmpfs     378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1               xfs       5.0G   33M  5.0G   1% /mnt/xuexi

六、给分区永久挂载,也就是开机自动挂载

编辑/etc/fstab文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Apr  2 15:59:04 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=9a896cd1-b64f-4f33-ae0e-4b60b7597176 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1       /mnt/xuexi      xfs     defaults        0       0
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a

mount -a 的意思是将/etc/fstab的所有内容重新加载。

到这里,分区的整个流程就结束了。

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