Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡、动静分离、多实例部署
一、Tomcat 多实例部署
1.安装好 jdk 及 tomcat
cd /opt
tar zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat
mv apache-tomcat-9.0.16 /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1
cp -a /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1 /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2
2.配置 tomcat 环境变量
vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
#tomcat1
export CATALINA_HOME1=/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1
export CATALINA_BASE1=/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1
export TOMCAT_HOME1=/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1
#tomcat2
export CATALINA_HOME2=/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2
export CATALINA_BASE2=/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2
export TOMCAT_HOME2=/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2
source /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
3.修改 tomcat2 中的 server.xml 文件
要求各 tomcat 实例配置不能有重复的端口号
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/conf/server.xml
<Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> #22行，修改Server prot，默认为8005 -> 修改为8006
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1" #69行，修改Connector port，HTTP/1.1 默认为8080 -> 修改为8081
<Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" /> #116行，修改Connector port AJP/1.3，默认为8009 -> 修改为8010
4.修改各 tomcat 文件 ,添加 tomcat 环境变量
修改各 tomcat实例中的 startup.sh 和 shutdown.sh 文件，添加 tomcat 环境变量
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/startup.sh
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Start Script for the CATALINA Server
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
##添加以下内容
export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_BASE1
export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME1
export TOMCAT_HOME=$TOMCAT_HOME1
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/shutdown.sh
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Stop script for the CATALINA Server
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_BASE1
export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME1
export TOMCAT_HOME=$TOMCAT_HOME1
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/startup.sh
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Start Script for the CATALINA Server
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_BASE2
export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME2
export TOMCAT_HOME=$TOMCAT_HOME2
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/shutdown.sh
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Stop script for the CATALINA Server
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
export CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_BASE2
export CATALINA_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME2
export TOMCAT_HOME=$TOMCAT_HOME2
5.启动各 tomcat 中的 /bin/startup.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/startup.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/startup.sh
netstat -natp | grep java
7.浏览器访问测试
http://192.168.142.30:8080
http://192.168.142.30:8081
二、Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡、动静分离
1.部署Nginx 负载均衡器
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
cd /opt
tar zxvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz -C /opt/
cd nginx-1.12.0/
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-file-aio \ `启用文件修改支持`
--with-http_stub_status_module \ `启用状态统计`
--with-http_gzip_static_module \ `启用 gzip静态压缩`
--with-http_flv_module \ `启用 flv模块，提供对 flv 视频的伪流支持`
--with-http_ssl_module \ `启用 SSL模块，提供SSL加密功能`
--with-stream `启用 stream模块，提供4层调度`
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecrReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecrStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
chmod 754 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl start nginx.service
systemctl enable nginx.service
2.部署2台Tomcat 应用服务器
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JRE_HOME}/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
mv /opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.16/ /usr/local/tomcat
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
netstat -ntap | grep 8080
3.动静分离配置
（1）Tomcat1 server 配置
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test1 page</title> #指定为 test1 页面
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 1,http://www.test1.com");%>
</body>
</html>
vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
#由于主机名 name 配置都为 localhost，需要删除前面的 HOST 配置
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="true">
</Context>
</Host>
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
（2）Tomcat2 server 配置
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/webapps/test /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/webapps/test
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/webapps/test/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title> #指定为 test2 页面
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 2,http://www.test2.com");%>
</body>
</html>
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/conf/server.xml
#删除前面的 HOST 配置
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/startup.sh
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/webapps/test/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test3 page</title> #指定为 test3 页面
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 3,http://www.test3.com");%>
</body>
</html>
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/conf/server.xml
#删除前面的 HOST 配置
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/startup.sh
（3）Nginx server 配置
#准备静态页面和静态图片
echo '<html><body><h1>这是静态页面</h1></body></html>' > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/img
cp /root/game.jpg /usr/local/nginx/html/img
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
......
http {
......
#gzip on;
#配置负载均衡的服务器列表，weight参数表示权重，权重越高，被分配到的概率越大
upstream tomcat_server {
server 192.168.142.60:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.142.50:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.142.50:8081 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.ztm.com;
charset utf-8;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location ~ .*\.jsp$ {
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css)$ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/img;
expires 10d;
}
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
......
}
......
}
4.测试效果
测试静态页面效果
浏览器访问 http://192.168.142.40/
浏览器访问 http://192.168.142.40/game.jpg
