JAVA多线程
线程创建
1.Thread类
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自定义线程类继承Thread类
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重写run()方法,编写线程执行体
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创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
//创建线程方式一:继承Thread类 重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码"+i);
}
}
//main线程,主线程
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个线程对象
TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1();
//调用start()方法开启线程(交替执行)
testThread1.start();
//调用run()方法先执行run()再执行主方法
//testThread1.run();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在执行多线程"+i);
}
}
}
/*注意!线程开启不一定立即执行,由CPU调度执行*/
2.Runnable接口(实现Runnable接口)推荐
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定义MyRunnable类实现Runnable接口
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实现run()方法,编写线程执行体
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创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
//创建线程方式2:实现runnable接口,重写run方法,执行线程需要丢入runnable类接口实现类,调用start方法
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建runnable接口的实现类对象
TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程
Thread thread = new Thread(testThread3);
thread.start();
//简写 newThread(testThread3).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在执行多线程"+i);
}
}
}
3.Callable接口(实现Callable接口)
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实现Callable接口,需要返回值类型
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重写call方法,需要抛出异常
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创建目标对象
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创建执行服务
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
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提交执行
Future<Boolean>result1 = ser.submit(t1);
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获取结果
boolean r1 = result.get()
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关闭服务
ser.shutdownNow();
/*图片下载案例 callable方法实现*/
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* TODO
*
* @author wlj
* @version 1.0
* @Description
* @date 2022/1/15 16:39
*/
/*
callable的好处
可以抛出异常
具有返回值
*/
//线程创建方式三:实现callable接口
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String url;//网络图片地址
private String name;//保存的文件名
public TestCallable(String url, String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url, name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:" + name);
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable testThread1 = new TestCallable("https://webstatic.mihoyo.com/upload/puzzle/2021/12/22/1a4f9ac397162af7b11616ea7acb5115_4472408160447119381.png", "1.jpg");
TestCallable testThread2 = new TestCallable("https://webstatic.mihoyo.com/upload/puzzle/2021/12/22/1a4f9ac397162af7b11616ea7acb5115_4472408160447119381.png", "2.jpg");
TestCallable testThread3 = new TestCallable("https://webstatic.mihoyo.com/upload/puzzle/2021/12/22/1a4f9ac397162af7b11616ea7acb5115_4472408160447119381.png", "3.jpg");
/*======================================================================*/
//创建执行服务 线程池
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(testThread1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(testThread2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(testThread3);
//获取结果
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r2.get();
boolean rs3 = r3.get();
//打印返回结果
System.out.println(rs1);
System.out.println(rs2);
System.out.println(rs3);
//关闭服务
ser.shutdownNow();
/*====================================================================*/
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader {
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url, String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
}
}
}
线程休眠
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sleep(时间)指定当前线程阻塞的毫秒数
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sleep存在异常InterruptedException
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sleep时间达到后线程进入就绪状态
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sleep可以模拟网络延时,倒计时
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每一个对象都有一个锁,sleep不会释放锁
//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// try {
// tenDown();
// } catch (InterruptedException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
//打印当前时间
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取当前系统时间
while(true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前时间
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException{
int num = 10;
while (true) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if(num<=0){
break;
}
}
}
}
线程关闭
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不推荐使用JDK提供的stop(),destory()方法【已废弃】
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推荐线程自己停止下来
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建议使用一个标志位进行终止变量,当flag = false,则终止线程运行
//测试stop
//1.建议线程正常停止--->利用次数,不建议死循环
//2.建议使用标志位--->摄制一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或者destroy等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
//1.设置一个标识位
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while(flag){
System.out.println("run...Thread"+i++);
}
}
//2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位
public void stop(){
this.flag = false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("main"+i);
if(i == 900){
//调用自己写的stop方法切换标志位,让线程停止
testStop.stop();
}
}
}
}
线程礼让
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礼让线程,让当前正在执行的线程暂停,但不阻塞
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将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态
-
让CPU重新调度,礼让不一定成功
//测试礼让线程
//礼让不一定成功,看CPU心情
public class TestYield {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
Thread.yield();//礼让
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
}
}
线程强制执行
//测试Join方法, 想象为插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("vip线程来了"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
//启动我们的线程
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
//主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
if(i == 200){
thread.join();//插队
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
}
线程状态观察
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("///");
});
//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state); //NEW
//观察启动后
thread.start();//启动线程
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//Run
while(state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){//只要线程不终止 就一直输出状态
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
System.out.println(state);//打印线程状态
}
}
}
线程优先级
线程的优先级用数字表示,范围从1~10
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Thread.MIN_PRIORITY = 1;
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Thread.MAX_PRIORITY = 10;
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Thread.NORM_PRIORITY = 5;
使用以下方式改变或获取优先级
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getPriority()
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setPriority(int xxx)
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程默认优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
//先设置优先级,在启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
t4.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
守护线程
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线程分为用户线程和守护线程
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虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
-
虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
-
如:后台记录操作日志,监控内存,垃圾回收等待
//测试守护线程
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程
thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动
new Thread(you).start();//你 用户线程启动
}
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
System.out.println("上帝保佑你");
}
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生都开心地活着");
}
System.out.println("-====goodbye! world!====-");
}
}