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Hive教程之metastore的三种模式

zibianqu 2022-03-24 阅读 181
HIVE

Hive中metastore(元数据存储)的三种方式

  • 内嵌Derby方式
  • Local方式
  • Remote方式

[一]、内嵌Derby方式

这个是Hive默认的启动模式,一般用于单元测试,这种存储方式有一个缺点:在同一时间只能有一个进程连接使用数据库。

hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等的配置信息如下:

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<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

  <value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>

  <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

  <value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>

  <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

  <value>APP</value>

  <description>username to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

  <value>mine</value>

  <description>password to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

  <value>file:///Users/micmiu/tmp/hive/warehouse</value>

  <description>unit test data goes in here on your local filesystem</description>

</property>

<!-- micmiu.com -->

执行初始化命令:schematool -dbType derby -initSchema

查看初始化后的信息: schematool -dbType derby -info

配置完成后就可在shell中以CLI的方式访问hive 进行操作验证。

[二]、Local方式

以本地Mysql数据库为例:创建好用户:hive;database:hive。

配置文件 hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等属性值配置如下:

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<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

  <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

  <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

  <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

  <value>hive</value>

  <description>username to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

  <value>micmiu</value>

  <description>password to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

  <!-- base hdfs path -->

  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

  <description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>

</property>

<!-- micmiu.com -->

ps:需要把mysql的驱动包copy到目录 <HIVE_HOME>/lib 中

如果是第一次需要执行初始化命令:schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

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micmiu-mbp:mysql micmiu$ schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.input.dir.recursive is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.input.dir.recursive

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.max.split.size is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.maxsize

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size.per.rack is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize.per.rack

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.min.split.size.per.node is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.split.minsize.per.node

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.reduces

14/02/17 14:46:08 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.reduce.tasks.speculative.execution is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.reduce.speculative

Metastore connection URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true

Metastore Connection Driver : com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

Metastore connection User: hive

Starting metastore schema initialization to 0.12.0

Initialization script hive-schema-0.12.0.mysql.sql

Initialization script completed

schemaTool completeted

查看初始化后信息 schematool -dbType mysql -info

初始化后查看mysql中表情况:show tables;

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mysql&gt; show tables;

+---------------------------+

| Tables_in_hive            |

+---------------------------+

| BUCKETING_COLS            |

| CDS                       |

| COLUMNS_V2                |

| DATABASE_PARAMS           |

| DBS                       |

| DB_PRIVS                  |

| DELEGATION_TOKENS         |

| GLOBAL_PRIVS              |

| IDXS                      |

| INDEX_PARAMS              |

| MASTER_KEYS               |

| NUCLEUS_TABLES            |

| PARTITIONS                |

| PARTITION_EVENTS          |

| PARTITION_KEYS            |

| PARTITION_KEY_VALS        |

| PARTITION_PARAMS          |

| PART_COL_PRIVS            |

| PART_COL_STATS            |

| PART_PRIVS                |

| ROLES                     |

| ROLE_MAP                  |

| SDS                       |

| SD_PARAMS                 |

| SEQUENCE_TABLE            |

| SERDES                    |

| SERDE_PARAMS              |

| SKEWED_COL_NAMES          |

| SKEWED_COL_VALUE_LOC_MAP  |

| SKEWED_STRING_LIST        |

| SKEWED_STRING_LIST_VALUES |

| SKEWED_VALUES             |

| SORT_COLS                 |

| TABLE_PARAMS              |

| TAB_COL_STATS             |

| TBLS                      |

| TBL_COL_PRIVS             |

| TBL_PRIVS                 |

| TYPES                     |

| TYPE_FIELDS               |

| VERSION                   |

+---------------------------+

41 rows in set (0.00 sec)

配置完成后就可在shell中以CLI的方式访问hive 进行操作验证。

[三]、Remote方式

以Mysql数据库(192.168.6.77)为例:创建好用户:hive;database:hive_meta。Remote方式需要分别配置服务端和客户端的配置文件:

服务端的 hive-site.xml 中jdbc URL、驱动、用户名、密码等属性值配置如下:

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<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

  <value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.6.77/hive_meta?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

  <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

  <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

  <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

  <value>hive</value>

  <description>username to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

  <value>micmiu</value>

  <description>password to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

  <!-- base hdfs path -->

  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

  <description>base hdfs path :location of default database for the warehouse</description>

</property>

<!-- micmiu.com -->

ps:需要把mysql的驱动包copy到目录 <HIVE_HOME>/lib 中

如果是第一次需要执行初始化命令:schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

客户端中配置内容修改如下:

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<!-- thrift://<host_name>:<port> 默认端口是9083 -->

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>

  <value>thrift://192.168.6.77:9083</value>

  <description>Thrift uri for the remote metastore. Used by metastore client to connect to remote metastore.</description>

</property>

<!--  hive表的默认存储路径 -->

<property>

  <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

  <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>

  <description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>

</property>

hive metastore 服务端启动命令:
hive --service metastore -p <port_num>
如果不加端口默认启动:hive --service metastore,则默认监听端口是:9083 ,注意客户端中的端口配置需要和启动监听的端口一致。服务端启动正常后,客户端就可以执行hive操作了。

参考:

https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/AdminManual+MetastoreAdmin

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