1.Promise链式调用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise_链式调用</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
/**
* 目标：掌握Promise的链式调用
* 需求：把省市的嵌套结构，改成链式调用的线性结构
*/
// 1. 创建Promise对象-模拟请求省份名字
const p = new Promise((resolve,reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve('北京市')
},2000)
})
// 2. 获取省份名字
const p2 = p.then(result => {
console.log(result)
// 3.创建Promise对象-模拟请求城市名字
// return Promise对象最终状态和结果，会影响到新的Promise对象
return new Promise((reselve,reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(result + '--- 北京')
},2000)
})
})
// 4.获取城市名字
p2.then(result => {
console.log(result)
})
// then()函数的结果是一个新的Promise对象
console.log(p2 === p)
</script>
</body>
</html>2.Promise链式应用-解决回调函数地狱
目标：使用Promise链式调用，解决回调函数地狱问题
做法：每个Promise对象中管理一个异步任务，用then返回Promise对象，串联起来
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Promise链式调用_解决回调地狱</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<span>省份：</span>
<select>
<option class="province"></option>
</select>
<span>城市：</span>
<select>
<option class="city"></option>
</select>
<span>地区：</span>
<select>
<option class="area"></option>
</select>
</form>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<script>
/**
* 目标：把回调函数嵌套代码，改成Promise链式调用结构
* 需求：获取默认第一个省，第一个市，第一个地区并展示在下拉菜单中
*/
let pname = ''
// 1. 得到-获取省份Promise对象
axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province'}).then(result => {
pname = result.data.list[0]
document.querySelector('.province').innerHTML = pname
// 2. 得到-获取城市Promise对象
return axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city', params: { pname }})
}).then(result => {
const cname = result.data.list[0]
document.querySelector('.city').innerHTML = cname
// 3. 得到-获取地区Promise对象
return axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area', params: { pname, cname }})
}).then(result => {
console.log(result)
const areaName = result.data.list[0]
document.querySelector('.area').innerHTML = areaName
})
</script>
</body>
</html>3.async函数和await
概念：在async函数内，使用await关键字取代then函数，等待获取Promise对象成功状态的结果值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>async函数和await_解决回调函数地狱</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<span>省份：</span>
<select>
<option class="province"></option>
</select>
<span>城市：</span>
<select>
<option class="city"></option>
</select>
<span>地区：</span>
<select>
<option class="area"></option>
</select>
</form>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<script>
/**
* 目标：掌握async和await语法，解决回调函数地狱
* 概念：在async函数内，使用await关键字，获取Promise对象"成功状态"结果值
* 注意：await必须用在async修饰的函数内（await会阻止"异步函数内"代码继续执行，原地等待结果）
*/
// 1. 定义async修饰函数
async function getData() {
// 2. await等待Promise对象成功的结果
const pObj = await axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province'})
const pname = pObj.data.list[0]
const cObj = await axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city', params: { pname }})
const cname = cObj.data.list[0]
const aObj = await axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area', params: { pname, cname }})
const areaName = aObj.data.list[0]
document.querySelector('.province').innerHTML = pname
document.querySelector('.city').innerHTML = cname
document.querySelector('.area').innerHTML = areaName
}
getData()
</script>
</body>
</html>4.async函数和await_捕获错误
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>async函数和await_错误捕获</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<span>省份：</span>
<select>
<option class="province"></option>
</select>
<span>城市：</span>
<select>
<option class="city"></option>
</select>
<span>地区：</span>
<select>
<option class="area"></option>
</select>
</form>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
<script>
/**
* 目标：async和await_错误捕获
*/
async function getData() {
// 1. try包裹可能产生错误的代码
try{
const pObj = await axios({ url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province' })
const pname = pObj.data.list[0]
const cObj = await axios({ url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city', params: { pname } })
const cname = cObj.data.list[0]
const aObj = await axios({ url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area', params: { pname, cname } })
const areaName = aObj.data.list[0]
document.querySelector('.province').innerHTML = pname
document.querySelector('.city').innerHTML = cname
document.querySelector('.area').innerHTML = areaName
} catch (error) {
// 2. 接着调用catch块，接收错误信息
// 如果tr里某行代码报错后，try中剩余的代码就不会执行了
console.dir(error)
}
getData()
</script>
</body>
</html>