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CentOS7 安装Oracle11g

Ichjns 2022-03-11 阅读 97

一、准备工作:

1、CentOS7自行安装(64位),网络自行配置;

2、下载Oracle安装包:linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip 和 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip ;

3、HostName修改:oracle

4、参考资料:https://www.cnblogs.com/zydev/p/5827207.html
https://blog.csdn.net/kenny1993/article/details/75038670
https://blog.csdn.net/oschina_41140683/article/details/81510709

二、安装过程

1、修改修改主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname oracle

2、配置yum源(网络版):

cd /etc
mv yum.repos.d yum.repos.d.bak
mkdir yum.repos.d
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache

2、配置yum源(本地版):

mkdir /opt/software
cd /opt/software/
上传安装包
mkdir -p /mnt/cdrom
mount -o loop -t iso9660 /opt/software/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso /mnt/cdrom/
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mkdir bak;mv Cent* ./bak
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-base.repo
[CentOS-base]
name=CentOS-base  
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom  
gpgcheck=0  
enable=1
yum clean all
yum makecache

3、安装依赖包:

yum -y install binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

检查依赖是否安装完整:

rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

网络安装会发现 pdksh 没有安装:
在这里插入图片描述通过yum install pdksh -y 安装缺少 package ;

通过wget命令直接下载pdksh的rpm包,下载到至/tmp/

wget -O /tmp/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm http://vault.centos.org/5.11/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

安装pdksh:

rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

再次检查依赖包是否安装完整:

rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

4、添加oracle用户组和用户:

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle

5、添加完成后,查看oracle用户:

id oracle

6、初始化oracle用户的密码:

passwd oracle

以上部分操作截图:
在这里插入图片描述配置hostname(本机IP映射)

vi /etc/hosts
  192.168.199.110 oracle
# 测试hostname
  ping -c 3 oracle

优化OS内核参数

# kernel.shmmax 参数设置为物理内存的一半
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
## 内容如下:
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586

使参数生效:

sysctl -p

限制oracle用户的shell权限:

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
 
#在末尾添加
oracle	soft	nproc	2047
oracle	hard	nproc	16384
oracle	soft	nofile	1024
oracle	hard	nofile	65536
oracle	soft	stack	10240
oracle	hard	stack	10240
 
vi /etc/pam.d/login
 
session  required   /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session  required   pam_limits.so
 
vi /etc/profile
 
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------
使之生效:
source /etc/profile

创建oracle安装目录:

mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /db/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir /db/app/oracle/oraInventory
mkdir /db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /db/app/oracle

创建 vi /etc/oraInst.loc

vi /etc/oraInst.loc
 inventory_loc=/db/app/oracle/oraInventory
 inst_group=oinstall

配置oracle用户环境变量:

su - oracle  ## oracle用户登陆
 
vi .bash_profile
 
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
 
## 以上配置完成后,建议重启系统 或分别执行以下命令:
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
env

解压oracle压缩文件到 /db:

# 上传linux.x64_11gR2_database_*of2.zip文件至/db/目录;
cd /db/
ls
su - root
chmod -R 777 /db
exit
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /db
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /db
 
# 解压完成后:
# 登录Root,复制授权
su - root
mkdir /home/oracle/etc/
cp /db/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/
chmod 777 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp
 
# 登录oracle用户:
su – oracle
vi /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
## 信息如下:
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/db/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

开始安装:

su - oracle
cd /db/database
./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
 
## 安装期间可以使用tail命令监看oracle的安装日志
 
tail -f /db/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2019-05-25_10-38-29AM.log

在这里插入图片描述
安装完成,提示Successfully Setup Software.
在这里插入图片描述
增加或修改oracle的环境变量:

su  - oracle
 
vi ~/.bash_profile
 
export ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
 

配置文件生效

生效
source ~/.bash_profile

配置监听程序:

[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp

在这里插入图片描述
启动监控程序:

[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
# 启动监听
[oracle@oracle bin]$ lsnrctl start
# 查看监听状态
[oracle@oracle bin]$ lsnrctl start
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 25-MAY-2019 00:13:21
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                25-MAY-2019 00:05:55
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 7 min. 32 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[oracle@oracle bin]$ 

在这里插入图片描述
静默dbca建库

编辑应答文件:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ vi /etc/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME="orcl.oracle" 
SID="orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" 
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" 
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" 
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8"
# 执行:
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp

建库:

[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
[oracle@oracle bin]$ dbca -silent -responseFile etc/dbca.rsp

在这里插入图片描述
至此完成数据库实例的创建。
删除实例(可以不用执行):

[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb orcl

设置Oracle开机启动

[oracle@oracle bin]$ vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y  # //把“N”改成“Y”
# 保存退出
[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
# 通过dbstart 启动此实例,监听器
## ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
## Usage: ./dbstart ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./dbstart $ORACLE_HOME;
# oracle的进程关闭,监听器也停止;
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./dbshut $ORACLE_HOME;
# 启动监听
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./lsnrctl start;
# 查看监听
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./lsnrctl status;

登录Oracle

[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./sqlplus /nolog
# 进入系统管理用户
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
# 启动oracle实例
SQL> startup;
 
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