使用Docker快速部署FastAPI Web应用

Docker是基于 Linux 内核的cgroup、namespace以及 AUFS 类的Union FS 等技术，对进程进行封装隔离，一种操作系统层面的虚拟化技术。Docker中每个容器都基于镜像Image运行，镜像是容器的只读模板，容器是模板的一个实例。镜像是分层结构，一个镜像可以基于另一个镜像创建，最底层的镜像是基础镜像。

安装Docker

brew install --cask --appdir=/Applications docker

查看docker版本

% docker --version
Docker version 20.10.17, build 100c701

查看docker是否安装成功

% docker info     
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.9.1)
  compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc., v2.10.2)
  extension: Manages Docker extensions (Docker Inc., v0.2.9)
  sbom: View the packaged-based Software Bill Of Materials (SBOM) for an image (Anchore Inc., 0.6.0)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.19.0)

创建FastAPI镜像

依赖

% cat requirements.txt 
fastapi[standard]>=0.113.0,<0.114.0
pydantic>=2.7.0,<3.0.0

Python代码

# main.py
from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def index():
    return "测试容器部署"

目录结构

% tree
.
├── Dockerfile
├── app
│   └── main.py
└── requirements.txt

Dockerfile

% cat Dockerfile 
FROM python:3.9
WORKDIR /code
COPY ./requirements.txt /code/requirements.txt
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt
EXPOSE 5000
COPY ./app /code/app
CMD ["fastapi", "run", "app/main.py", "--port", "5000"]

创建镜像

% docker build -t myimage .         
[+] Building 54.4s (10/10) FINISHED                                             
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                       0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 37B                                        0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                          0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                            0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.9              4.4s
 => [internal] load build context                                          0.0s
 => => transferring context: 6.57kB                                        0.0s
 => [1/5] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.9@sha256:ed8b9dd4e9f89c111f4bd  18.5s

# 查看镜像
% docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
myimage      latest    31030096287b   22 minutes ago   1.06GB

运行

% docker run -d --name mycontainer -p 80:5000 myimage
f23deab780852268532e6f820da33df67d6b39ba007db01d6eca2660e345a224

# 查看容器
% docker ps    
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                  NAMES
f23deab78085   myimage   "fastapi run app/mai…"   14 minutes ago   Up 14 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->5000/tcp   mycontainer

# 进入容器
% docker exec -it mycontainer bash

这里docker run从镜像myimage实例了一个容器，守护模式，命名为mycontainer，容器内部的端口是5000，宿主机的端口是80。

停止和移除容器

# 关闭容器
% docker stop mycontainer
mycontainer

# 启动容器
% docker start mycontainer
mycontainer

# 移除容器
% docker rm mycontainer  
mycontainer

配置镜像加速器

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.wanpeng.top"]
}