linux命令之mail
1.mail介绍
linux命令mail是用来发送邮件
2.mail用法
mail -s "Subject" EmailAddress < EmailMessage
参数 | 说明 |
-s | 指定邮件主题Subject |
EmailAddress | 指定邮件地址 |
EmailMessage | 指定邮件内容 |
3.实例
3.1.配置QQ邮件发送
1.安装sendmail/mailx
命令：
yum install sendmail mailx -y
[root@rhel77 ~]# yum install sendmail mailx -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Package sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package mailx-12.5-19.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@rhel77 ~]#2.QQ邮箱获取授权码
-->登录QQ邮箱，点击“设置”
-->点击“账号”，切换到账号详情页面
-->在账号页面往下拉，可以看到“POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务”，在“服务状态：服务已关闭”项，点击“开启服务”
-->在弹出的“安全验证”窗口，点击“前往验证”
-->使用手机扫描二维码，进行验证。待发送完短信验证后，点击“我已发送”
-->在弹出的页面，记住生成的“授权码”，在备注授权码用途上，填写其用途后，点击“关闭页面”
-->在“安全设置”页面，可以看到“POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务”已开启
-->在“设备管理”--“授权码管理”页面，可以看到启用的其用途为“个人电脑”的授权码设置
-->在下方的“收取选项”，一般默认是30天，点击下拉箭头，选择“全部”，并点击页面最下方的“保存更改”按钮，进行保存，其它保持默认
3.设置发件人信息，并保存
SMTP/IMAP服务-参考：https://wx.mail.qq.com/list/readtemplate?name=app_intro.html#/agreement/authorizationCode
命令：
vim /etc/mail.rc
#在其最下方添加如下配置
set from=xxx@qq.com #用来发送邮件的邮箱地址
set smtp=smtp.qq.com #指定邮箱使用的协议
set smtp-auth-user=xxx@qq.com #邮箱用户名，建议跟上面的邮箱地址一致
set smtp-auth-password=aphxyrqugfpgbcjj #邮箱密码，切记，切记，切记不是邮箱登录密码，而是客户端专用密码，即是刚刚申请的“授权码”
set smpt-auth=login
4.邮件测试发送
命令：
echo "Hello World" | mail -v -s "test" xxx@qq.com
[root@rhel77 ~]# echo "Hello World" | mail -v -s "test" xxx@qq.com
Resolving host smtp.qq.com . . . done.
Connecting to 120.232.69.34:smtp . . . connected.
220 newxmesmtplogicsvrszb1-0.qq.com XMail Esmtp QQ Mail Server.
>>> EHLO xxxxxxx
250-newxmesmtplogicsvrszb1-0.qq.com
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 73400320
250-STARTTLS
250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN XOAUTH XOAUTH2
250-AUTH=LOGIN
250-MAILCOMPRESS
250 8BITMIME
>>> AUTH LOGIN
334 VXNlcm5hbWU6
>>> NjU0ODA2ODI3QHFxLmNvbQ==
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6
>>> YXBoeHlycXVnZnBnYmNqag==
235 Authentication successful
>>> MAIL FROM:<xxx@qq.com>
250 OK
>>> RCPT TO:<xxx@qq.com>
250 OK
>>> DATA
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>.
>>> .
250 OK: queued as.
>>> QUIT
221 Bye.
[root@rhel77 ~]#
命令：
echo "Hello World" | mail -v -s "test" xxx@163.com
[root@rhel77 ~]# echo "Hello World" | mail -v -s "test" xxx@163.com
Resolving host smtp.qq.com . . . done.
Connecting to 120.232.69.34:smtp . . . connected.
220 newxmesmtplogicsvrsza7-0.qq.com XMail Esmtp QQ Mail Server.
>>> EHLO xxx
250-newxmesmtplogicsvrsza7-0.qq.com
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 73400320
250-STARTTLS
250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN XOAUTH XOAUTH2
250-AUTH=LOGIN
250-MAILCOMPRESS
250 8BITMIME
>>> AUTH LOGIN
334 VXNlcm5hbWU6
>>> NjU0ODA2ODI3QHFxLmNvbQ==
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6
>>> YXBoeHlycXVnZnBnYmNqag==
235 Authentication successful
>>> MAIL FROM:<xxx@qq.com>
250 OK
>>> RCPT TO:<xxx@163.com>
250 OK
>>> DATA
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>.
>>> .
250 OK: queued as.
>>> QUIT
221 Bye.
[root@rhel77 ~]#
3.2.配置163邮件发送
1.安装sendmail/mailx
命令：
yum install sendmail mailx -y
[root@rhel77 ~]# yum install sendmail mailx -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Package sendmail-8.14.7-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package mailx-12.5-19.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@rhel77 ~]#2.163邮箱获取授权码
-->登录163邮箱，点击“设置”--“POP3/SMTP/IMAP”
-->在“POP3/SMTP/IMAP”项，开启“开启服务：IMAP/SMTP服务”
-->在弹出的页面，点击“继续开启”
-->在弹出页面，扫描二维码，进行手机验证，然后点击“我已发送”
-->在弹出页面，记录下“授权密码”，填写“使用设备”的用途后，点击“确定”按钮
-->在下方的“收取选项”，一般默认是30天，选择“收取全部邮件”，其它保持默认
3.设置发件人信息，并保存
SMTP/IMAP服务-参考：帮助中心_常见问题
命令：
vim /etc/mail.rc
#在其最下方添加如下配置
set from=xxx@163.com #用来发送邮件的邮箱地址
set smtp=smtp.163.com #指定邮箱使用的协议
set smtp-auth-user=xxx@163.com #邮箱用户名，建议跟上面的邮箱地址一致
set smtp-auth-password=BCKRMDNSHJRWQYBZ #邮箱密码，切记，切记，切记不是邮箱登录密码，而是客户端专用密码，即是刚刚申请的“授权码”
set smpt-auth=login
4.邮件测试发送
命令：
echo "163 test" | mail -v -s "test" xxx@163.com
[root@rhel77 ~]# echo "163 test" | mail -v -s "test" xxx@163.com
Resolving host smtp.163.com . . . done.
Connecting to 220.181.15.161:smtp . . . connected.
220 163.com Anti-spam GT for Coremail System (163com[20141201])
>>> EHLO xxxxxx
250-mail
250-PIPELINING
250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN XOAUTH2
250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN XOAUTH2
250-coremail 1Uxr2xKj7kG0xkI17xGrU7I0s8FY2U3Uj8Cz28x1UUUUU7Ic2I0Y2UrkXbChUCa0xDrUUUUj
250-STARTTLS
250-ID
250 8BITMIME
>>> AUTH LOGIN
334 dXNlcm5hbWU6
>>> emhhbmd0ZW5namlhbzEyMTZAMTYzLmNvbQ==
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6
>>> QkNLUk1ETlNISlJXUVlCWg==
235 Authentication successful
>>> MAIL FROM:<xxx@163.com>
250 Mail OK
>>> RCPT TO:<xxx@163.com>
250 Mail OK
>>> DATA
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
>>> .
250 Mail OK queued as zwqz-smtp-mta-g0-4,_____wCXzt6PM1RlCK6mAw--.17259S2 1700017040
>>> QUIT
221 Bye
[root@rhel77 ~]#
命令：
echo "qq test" | mail -v -s "test" xxx@qq.com
[root@rhel77 ~]# echo "qq test" | mail -v -s "test" xxx@qq.com
Resolving host smtp.163.com . . . done.
Connecting to 103.74.29.40:smtp . . . connected.
220 163.com Anti-spam GT for Coremail System (163com[20141201])
>>> EHLO xxxxxx
250-mail
250-PIPELINING
250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN XOAUTH2
250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN XOAUTH2
250-coremail 1Uxr2xKj7kG0xkI17xGrU7I0s8FY2U3Uj8Cz28x1UUUUU7Ic2I0Y2UrGGS9qUCa0xDrUUUUj
250-STARTTLS
250-ID
250 8BITMIME
>>> AUTH LOGIN
334 dXNlcm5hbWU6
>>> emhhbmd0ZW5namlhbzEyMTZAMTYzLmNvbQ==
334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6
>>> QkNLUk1ETlNISlJXUVlCWg==
235 Authentication successful
>>> MAIL FROM:<xxx@163.com>
250 Mail OK
>>> RCPT TO:<xxx@qq.com>
250 Mail OK
>>> DATA
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
>>> .
250 Mail OK queued as zwqz-smtp-mta-g3-0,_____wC3yp4SNFRljNN1DA--.17485S2 1700017171
>>> QUIT
221 Bye
[root@rhel77 ~]#