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HBase-MapReduce


通过HBase的相关JavaAPI,我们可以实现伴随HBase操作的MapReduce过程,比如使用MapReduce将数据从本地文件系统导入到HBase的表中,比如我们从HBase中读取一些原始数据后使用MapReduce做数据分析。

1、官方HBase-MapReduce

1) 查看HBase的MapReduce任务的执行

$ bin/hbase mapredcp

 

2) 执行环境变量的导入

$ export HBASE_HOME=/home/admin/modules/hbase-1.3.1
$ export HADOOP_HOME=/home/admin/modules/hadoop-2.7.2
$ export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=`${HBASE_HOME}/bin/hbase mapredcp`

 

3) 运行官方的MapReduce任务

-- 案例一:统计Student表中有多少行数据

$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/yarn jar lib/hbase-server-1.3.1.jar rowcounter student

 

-- 案例二:使用MapReduce将本地数据导入到HBase

(1) 在本地创建一个tsv格式的文件:fruit.tsv

1001       Apple     Red
1002 Pear Yellow
1003 Pineapple Yellow

尖叫提示:上面的这个数据不要从word中直接复制,有格式错误

(2) 创建HBase

hbase(main):001:0> create 'fruit','info'

(3) 在HDFS中创建input_fruit文件夹并上传fruit.tsv文件

$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /input_fruit/
$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/hdfs dfs -put fruit.tsv /input_fruit/

(4) 执行MapReduce到HBase的fruit表中

$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/yarn jar lib/hbase-server-1.3.1.jar importtsv \
-Dimporttsv.columns=HBASE_ROW_KEY,info:name,info:color fruit \
hdfs://linux01:8020/input_fruit

(5) 使用scan命令查看导入后的结果

hbase(main):001:0> scan ‘fruit’

 

2、自定义HBase-MapReduce1

目标:将fruit表中的一部分数据,通过MR迁入到fruit_mr表中。

分步实现:

1) 构建ReadFruitMapper类,用于读取fruit表中的数据

package com.z.hbase_mr;

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableMapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;

public class ReadFruitMapper extends TableMapper<ImmutableBytesWritable, Put> {

@Override
protected void map(ImmutableBytesWritable key, Result value, Context context)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//将fruit的name和color提取出来,相当于将每一行数据读取出来放入到Put对象中。
Put put = new Put(key.get());
//遍历添加column行
for(Cell cell: value.rawCells()){
//添加/克隆列族:info
if("info".equals(Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)))){
//添加/克隆列:name
if("name".equals(Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)))){
//将该列cell加入到put对象中
put.add(cell);
//添加/克隆列:color
}else if("color".equals(Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)))){
//向该列cell加入到put对象中
put.add(cell);
}
}
}
//将从fruit读取到的每行数据写入到context中作为map的输出
context.write(key, put);
}
}

2) 构建WriteFruitMRReducer类,用于将读取到的fruit表中的数据写入到fruit_mr表中

package com.z.hbase_mr;

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableReducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;

public class WriteFruitMRReducer extends TableReducer<ImmutableBytesWritable, Put, NullWritable> {
@Override
protected void reduce(ImmutableBytesWritable key, Iterable<Put> values, Context context)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//读出来的每一行数据写入到fruit_mr表中
for(Put put: values){
context.write(NullWritable.get(), put);
}
}
}

3) 构建Fruit2FruitMRRunner extends Configured implements Tool用于组装运行Job任务

//组装Job
public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
//得到Configuration
Configuration conf = this.getConf();
//创建Job任务
Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, this.getClass().getSimpleName());
job.setJarByClass(Fruit2FruitMRRunner.class);

//配置Job
Scan scan = new Scan();
scan.setCacheBlocks(false);
scan.setCaching(500);

//设置Mapper,注意导入的是mapreduce包下的,不是mapred包下的,后者是老版本
TableMapReduceUtil.initTableMapperJob(
"fruit", //数据源的表名
scan, //scan扫描控制器
ReadFruitMapper.class,//设置Mapper类
ImmutableBytesWritable.class,//设置Mapper输出key类型
Put.class,//设置Mapper输出value值类型
job//设置给哪个JOB
);
//设置Reducer
TableMapReduceUtil.initTableReducerJob("fruit_mr", WriteFruitMRReducer.class, job);
//设置Reduce数量,最少1个
job.setNumReduceTasks(1);

boolean isSuccess = job.waitForCompletion(true);
if(!isSuccess){
throw new IOException("Job running with error");
}
return isSuccess ? 0 : 1;
}

4) 主函数中调用运行该Job任务

public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception{
Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
int status = ToolRunner.run(conf, new Fruit2FruitMRRunner(), args);
System.exit(status);
}

5) 打包运行任务

$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/yarn jar ~/softwares/jars/hbase-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar com.z.hbase.mr1.Fruit2FruitMRRunner

尖叫提示:运行任务前,如果待数据导入的表不存在,则需要提前创建之。

尖叫提示:maven打包命令:-P local clean package或-P dev clean package install(将第三方jar包一同打包,需要插件:maven-shade-plugin)

3、自定义HBase-MapReduce2

目标:实现将HDFS中的数据写入到HBase表中。

分步实现:

1) 构建ReadFruitFromHDFSMapper于读取HDFS中的文件数据

package com.z.hbase.mr2;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

public class ReadFruitFromHDFSMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, ImmutableBytesWritable, Put> {
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//从HDFS中读取的数据
String lineValue = value.toString();
//读取出来的每行数据使用\t进行分割,存于String数组
String[] values = lineValue.split("\t");

//根据数据中值的含义取值
String rowKey = values[0];
String name = values[1];
String color = values[2];

//初始化rowKey
ImmutableBytesWritable rowKeyWritable = new ImmutableBytesWritable(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));

//初始化put对象
Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));

//参数分别:列族、列、值
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("info"), Bytes.toBytes("name"), Bytes.toBytes(name));
put.add(Bytes.toBytes("info"), Bytes.toBytes("color"), Bytes.toBytes(color));

context.write(rowKeyWritable, put);
}
}

2) 构建WriteFruitMRFromTxtReducer

package com.z.hbase.mr2;

import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableReducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;

public class WriteFruitMRFromTxtReducer extends TableReducer<ImmutableBytesWritable, Put, NullWritable> {
@Override
protected void reduce(ImmutableBytesWritable key, Iterable<Put> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//读出来的每一行数据写入到fruit_hdfs表中
for(Put put: values){
context.write(NullWritable.get(), put);
}
}
}

3) 创建Txt2FruitRunner组装Job

public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
//得到Configuration
Configuration conf = this.getConf();

//创建Job任务
Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, this.getClass().getSimpleName());
job.setJarByClass(Txt2FruitRunner.class);
Path inPath = new Path("hdfs://linux01:8020/input_fruit/fruit.tsv");
FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, inPath);

//设置Mapper
job.setMapperClass(ReadFruitFromHDFSMapper.class);
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(ImmutableBytesWritable.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(Put.class);

//设置Reducer
TableMapReduceUtil.initTableReducerJob("fruit_mr", WriteFruitMRFromTxtReducer.class, job);

//设置Reduce数量,最少1个
job.setNumReduceTasks(1);

boolean isSuccess = job.waitForCompletion(true);
if(!isSuccess){
throw new IOException("Job running with error");
}

return isSuccess ? 0 : 1;
}

4) 调用执行Job

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
int status = ToolRunner.run(conf, new Txt2FruitRunner(), args);
System.exit(status);
}

5) 打包运行

$ ~/modules/hadoop-2.7.2/bin/yarn jar ~/softwares/jars/hbase-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar com.z.hbase.mr2.Txt2FruitRunner

尖叫提示:运行任务前,如果待数据导入的表不存在,则需要提前创建之。

尖叫提示:maven打包命令:-P local clean package或-P dev clean package install(将第三方jar包一同打包,需要插件:maven-shade-plugin)

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