[1,2,3,…,n] contains a total of n! unique permutations.
 By listing and labeling all of the permutations in order,
 We get the following sequence (ie, for n
"123""132""213""231""312""321"
n and k, return the kth
Note: Given n
参考Permutation Sequence -- LeetCode
思路是这样的,比如当前长度是n,我们知道每个相同的起始元素对应(n-1)!个permutation,也就是(n-1)!个permutation后会换一个起始元素。因此,只要当前的k进行(n-1)!取余,得到的数字就是当前剩余数组的index,如此就可以得到对应的元素。如此递推直到数组中没有元素结束。实现中我们要维护一个数组来记录当前的元素,每次得到一个元素加入结果数组,然后从剩余数组中移除。
class Solution {
public:
  string getPermutation(int n, int k) {
    k--;
    vector<int> nums;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
      nums.push_back(i);
    }
    int fac = 1;
    for (int i = 2; i < n; i++){
      fac *= i;
    }
    string res;
    int round = n - 1;
    while (round >= 0){
      int index = k / fac;
      k %= fac;
      res += nums[index] + '0';
      nums.erase(nums.begin()+index);
      if (round){
        fac /= round;
      }
      round--;
    }
    return res;
  }
};










